The temperature scale that freezes water at 0 degrees and boils water at 100 degrees is known as the __________ scale.

The correct answer to the question is the Centigrade scale, which is more commonly referred to today as the Celsius scale. In this scale, water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees under standard atmospheric pressure. This system is widely used around the world for everyday temperature measurement, making it quite intuitive as it centers around the properties of water, a common substance.

The Fahrenheit scale, in contrast, defines the freezing point of water at 32 degrees and the boiling point at 212 degrees, which is not aligned with the question's specifications. The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale where 0 Kelvin is absolute zero, and it doesn’t use the freezing and boiling points of water as reference points. Rankine is another absolute temperature scale similar to Kelvin but uses Fahrenheit increments. Therefore, the Centigrade (or Celsius) scale stands out as the correct answer due to its direct reference to the freezing and boiling points of water at 0 and 100 degrees, respectively.